Lisa Fimberg is a writer over at Consumers Advocate.org, which is a site that covers topics from life insurance to the best yoga mats...
The Importance of Life Insurance If you have children, dependents or loved ones that need to be taken care of, or have debts that need to be paid off if you pass away, than you would be wise to purchase some form of life insurance coverage. A Life insurance plan is a policy that will pay a specific amount of funds that will be given to a specified beneficiary upon the death of the policyholder. The beneficiary or beneficiaries will receive the funds and can use the money for anything they might need in the future including, for example, their first home purchase. This type of policy can be particularly beneficial when the person that holds the policy is the main breadwinner. What Kind of Life Insurance Do You Need? There are different life insurance policies, but the two most popular are called: Term Life and Whole Life Insurance (which is also known as Permanent Life Insurance). 1. A Term Life Policy A Term life policy will cover you for a specified time frame or term and typically will range from a 10 to a 30-year term. If you happen to pass away within that specific time frame, your beneficiaries will receive a payment (tax-free) in the specified amount of money that you had chosen when buying the policy. If you don’t pass within the specific time frame, the policy then expires or at that point might be changed to a whole (permanent) life insurance policy. The pros of this policy is that is the cheapest and simplest life insurance option. It also gives you the opportunity to customize your plan to work the best for your situation. As an example, if you have children, you can decide when your kids might need the money the most in their lives. Or if you are single without kids, you might want enough coverage that can help pay for any mortgages or other debts that might be outstanding. 2. A Whole Life Policy A permanent life insurance policy will allow payment to your designated beneficiaries whenever you pass and not within a certain term. Permanent policies are much more costly that most term life policies, but they offer the benefit of allowing you to accumulate a cash value that is tax-deferred. Permanent life insurance can be very beneficial for those who have a large estate and whose beneficiaries could use the money to help with the potential estate taxes. There are two other permanent insurance policies: variable and universal life insurance. Both will accrue cash, but with varying interest rates. Who Needs Life insurance? Of course there many different scenarios in which purchasing life insurance is truly beneficial but there are a few questions that can help: Does anyone in your family or even spouse rely on your income for their financial well-being? This could be an aging parent, a child, or even someone might have co-signed a loan. Life insurance is a policy that replaces the financial support that you would give to anyone when you are not here anymore to help. The most common examples of when life insurance can be really helpful are the following: Parents with younger kids Your kids, particularly at a young age, might depend on you for years. You might want to save for their college tuition in the future or any other expenses they might need. Unless you already have your entire life savings set, a life insurance policy to fill in the gap if you are no longer here can help. Couples (Married or Unmarried) If you pay a mortgage that requires both of the partners’ salaries to be able to afford the mortgage or even if one partner earns more to support your existing lifestyle, a life insurance policy will make sure that you both are covered. Students with loans A federal student loan is usually forgiven if the borrower dies before paying it off. But, private student loans will transfer the debt to whomever had co-signed the loan and is typically the parents. A life insurance policy can then help protect the actual co-signers from having to pay off the debt. Business owners Business owners might find it beneficial to list their business partners as potential beneficiaries particularly if the business would not survive without them. Or the death benefit can be used for the other business partners to purchase the remaining shares from the deceased’s family if that is of interest to that family. The Wealthy As mentioned above, if you have a large enough estate to incur taxes, you might consider purchasing a cash-value life insurance policy (such as the whole life) to help pay the estate taxes. Now that you are considering life insurance, below are five tips to help lower the costs: 1. Know the amount that you need: To determine the amount of life insurance you need, the general rule of thumb is to add up all the money and sources from which your beneficiaries can expect to receive income. This could be pension, social security, etc. Then you can subtract that number from the amount you would like to leave your dependents. The number could be low such as $35,000 but the policy should be 10 times that amount or $350,000. 2. You might consider purchasing a few policies By obtaining several life insurance policies, (possibly with different insurers and term lengths), you may be able to minimize your costs. There isn’t a limit to the number of policies you can have at once, but the total death benefit must correspond to your income and assets. For example, if you make $75,000 and try for multiple policies, you might get turned down. 3. Improve your health Life insurance is truly contingent on your overall health condition. Anything that can help to increase your life expectancy (start to work out, cut back on alcohol) can result in a lower rate. 4. Get a few quotes There are many life insurance companies out there and it is a very competitive industry. If you get at least 2 to 3 quotes, you can not only educate yourself more on what you need, but find out the best price for your particular situation. If you pay annually instead of monthly, that can help reduce the cost as well, even up to 7%. Now that you know more about life insurance and the type of insurance offered, you can consider if this is the right option for your situation and your dependents.
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Looks like it is, in Australia. In the USA? Likely not. But it depends. Dont rely on a video will! Come see me today!
Queensland court finds a phone video can be a man's legal will By Stuart Layt April 18, 2019 — 9.24pm A smartphone video shot by a man several years before he killed himself can function as his legal will, a Queensland court has found. Leslie Wayne Quinn took his own life in June 2015 aged 53, leaving behind his wife Leanne Quinn from whom he was separated but not divorced, and three sons: two with Mrs Quinn and an older son from a previous marriage. He did not have a traditional will, but four years before his death, apparently during a lunch break at his work in 2011, he quickly recorded a video leaving all of his worldly possessions to his wife. Leslie Wayne Quinn recorded his last will and testament on his phone, which proved good enough for a Queensland court. Photo: .“In the event of my death, I would like all my goods, my interests in property … my share of those to go to my wife, Leanne Quinn,” Mr Quinn says in the video. “Anything, any money that I have, cash, I’d like that to go to my wife Leanne. “That, I think is basically it, so this is my only Will,” he concluded. Mr Quinn also stipulated that he wanted to be cremated, and did not want a memorial or funeral. In Queensland, a formal will has to comply with a number of conditions including being in writing and being formally witnessed by people with no personal connection to the person making the will. If there is no formal will, the Public Trustee of Queensland divides the estate left behind between the person’s immediate family, including their spouse and any children. Instead, Mrs Quinn made an application to the Public Trustee claiming that the video should be considered Mr Quinn’s formal will, and his estate, valued between $58,611.86 and $108,611.86 and consisting primarily of two blocks of land at Yuleba and Russel Island, pass to her alone. Senior Judge Administrator of the Supreme Court of Queensland Ann Lyons said it was clear that Mr Quinn had intended the video to function as his will. “In my view there can be no doubt that Mr Quinn made the recording to make clear what his intentions were in relation to the disposal of his possessions after his death,” she wrote in her judgment this week. “Mr Quinn called the recording his ‘last will’ in his opening remarks and spoke about the distribution of his property ‘after his death’. He therefore understood it was to operate after his death.” Mr Quinn had suffered from depression for many years and had been on medication at various points, although he had reportedly stopped taking medication at the time of his death. However, Justice Lyons found Mr Quinn was of sound mind at the time he made the recording, and indeed seemed upbeat and happy in the video. “I consider that the terms of the recorded message are rational and there is nothing on the recording that causes me to have the slightest doubt that he had testamentary capacity at the time he made the recording," she said. “The fact that a person subsequently commits suicide does not necessarily mean that a person lacks testamentary capacity, particularly here where it occurred some four years later." The court noted Mr Quinn’s eldest son had expressed an opposition to Ms Quinn being the sole beneficiary of the will, but had not formally contested her application and did not give any evidence at the application hearings. “Having considered the recording I consider that Mr Quinn expressed a firm intention to leave all of his assets to [Ms Quinn],” Justice Lyons said. “Given the relatively young age of his sons at the time of the recording, such an intention is entirely logical in the circumstances.” The court relied on a number of other cases where there was no written will, and mentioned cases where “documents” including Word documents written and saved on a smartphone, a DVD and an unsent text message had all been considered valid legal wills in the past. The questions below serve as an impetus for understanding what your family members have in place and what is further needed to better prepare and organize for the inevitable. Everyone should ask Four Vital Questions:
You better talk to someone about this, if you have one...
IRA trusts could become an estate planning disasterIf Congress eliminates the stretch IRA, advisers will have to rethink IRA trust planningJun 11, 2019 @ 11:22 am By Ed Slott The new SECURE Act that was passed overwhelmingly by the House in a 417-3 vote on May 23 contains a provision to eliminate the stretch IRA and replace it with a 10-year payout for most non-spouse beneficiaries, including trusts. Stretch IRAs allow designated beneficiaries to extend distributions from inherited individual retirement accounts over their lifetimes. For example, a 25-year old beneficiary could stretch required minimum distributions from their inherited IRA for over 58 years. Congress has long believed retirement accounts are for retirement and should not be employed as an estate planning vehicle. The Senate is currently mulling its own bill which might reduce the payout for beneficiaries to only five years, with its own exceptions. What does this mean for those who have named a trust as their IRA or plan beneficiary? Disaster. Their plan will no longer work as far as accomplishing the estate planning objectives of controlling the funds for beneficiaries and qualifying for the stretch IRA. Those with the largest IRAs will be the most affected since they are more likely to name a trust as their IRA beneficiary in order to control distributions to their beneficiaries and preserve the IRA for decades after death. (More: Ed Slott: How tax reform impacted popular IRA strategies) There are two types of IRA trusts. If any version of the proposals to eliminate stretch IRAs becomes law — which now seems like just a matter of time — IRA trust planning will have to be revisited and maybe even scrapped for an alternative plan. The two IRA trusts are commonly known as conduit trusts and accumulation (or discretionary) trusts. Under current rules, if the IRA trust qualifies as a see-through trust, the trust beneficiaries can be treated as if they were named directly and the stretch payout will be permitted. With a conduit trust, RMDs are paid from the inherited IRA to the trust and then paid from the trust to the trust beneficiaries each year. No RMDs remain in the trust. The beneficiaries pay tax on the RMDs at their own personal tax rates. With an accumulation trust, the trustee has discretion on whether to pay out the RMDs to the trust beneficiaries or retain those funds in the trust to protect and preserve the funds. If the funds are retained in the trust, they will be taxable to the trust at the high trust tax rates (except for a Roth IRA, where there is no tax on distributions from the inherited Roth IRA to the trust). It's going to be a problem if the payout is limited to, say, 10 years after death. With the conduit trust, there would be no RMDs, except that at the end of the 10 years the entire balance in the inherited IRA would be paid out to the beneficiaries, leaving no funds protected in the trust and beneficiaries with a mega tax bill. If an accumulation trust is the beneficiary, then again all of the inherited IRA funds would have to be paid to the trust by the end of the 10 years. Since this is an accumulation trust, the trustee does not have to pay out all of the funds to the trust beneficiaries, so the funds could still remain in the trust and be protected, but at what cost? All funds remaining in the trust would be taxed at trust tax rates. Remember that this impact will be the greatest for the largest IRAs and could subject them to tax acceleration at high rates; in some cases the long-term benefits of the trust protection would be lost. Every person who has named a trust as their IRA beneficiary will need to review those plans and likely look for alternative planning solutions. Life insurance will emerge as a better, more tax-efficient planning vehicle, in which the life insurance proceeds can be left to a trust to gain the trust protection and simulate a stretch IRA. IRAs would be better off being withdrawn now at today's low tax rates; the balance after tax can be invested in life insurance. Life insurance is a more flexible asset to leave to a trust. In addition, with life insurance the planning will be simpler since there will be no RMDs, no complicated tax rules and best of all — no tax! Large IRAs will no longer be a valuable estate planning vehicle — which is exactly what Congress wants. But if enacted, these proposals will simply push advisers to do better and more tax-efficient planning for large IRAs. Health Care Decision-Making During a Crisis When Nothing Is in Writing
By David Godfrey Understanding health care decision-making in the absence of an advance health care directive will help elder and special needs law attorneys in two ways. First, people caring for an incapacitated family member without an advance directive will come to these attorneys for advice. Understanding accepted medical practice and standards of care will help attorneys advocate for families and advise them on what to expect. Second, attorneys can use this knowledge to urge all of their clients to create effective advance directives. Download a PDF of the article by Liz Farmer, Mattie Quinn | June 2019 Last Updated June 6, 2019 at 11:54 a.m. ET
Jimmy Pollard knew his state had a serious problem surrounding death. As the coroner for Henry County and a consultant for the Kentucky Coroners Association, Pollard had seen lots of instances in which family members couldn’t afford to bury or cremate a loved one. But the problem of “funeral poverty” was getting worse. Pollard realized just how bad things had gotten when, a few years ago, the county judge approached him and said, “I’m out of money for indigent burials this year, and I’ve got six months left to go.” Despite pleas from the judge and from Pollard, neither the state nor the county has invested more money for burials. “I tried to talk to the state judges’ association,” says Pollard, “but I could tell it didn’t really soak in. More money would help, but right now is a bad time to ask for more money in Kentucky for anything, because it’s just not there.” What’s happening in Henry County is playing out in places across the country. Rising funeral costs and a lagging economy have made it increasingly hard for many low-income Americans to pay the necessary expenses to dispose of a body. The average cost of a funeral today is $7,400, a price tag that’s risen nearly twice as fast as inflation since the 1980s. (That cost doesn’t include flowers, obituaries and gravesite fees that can tack on another couple thousand dollars.) At a time when 40 percent of Americans can’t even afford an unexpected expense of just $400, according to the Federal Reserve, the notion of a proper funeral and burial has become, for many people, an unattainable luxury. When family members can’t afford to claim a body, the burden falls on local governments to handle the remains. There’s no comprehensive data on the number of unclaimed bodies in morgues across the country, but everyone agrees it’s a problem that’s getting worse. The St. Louis Medical Examiner’s Office had to add mobile refrigerated trailers in 2017 to hold all its bodies. The Connecticut Office of the Chief Medical Examiner briefly lost accreditation in 2017 because it ran out of storage space. In Mobile County, Ala., annual spending on indigent burials has increased 300 percent over the last decade. In Kentucky, Pollard estimates that indigent burials have jumped 50 percent in just the past 18 months. Funeral poverty puts medical examiners and coroners in an awkward gray area. “The coroner or medical examiner is somewhat stuck,” says Jonathan Arden, president of the National Association of Medical Examiners, who spent the bulk of his career dealing with the dead in New York City and Washington, D.C. “You have no authority to make [the family] pay for it, but you also don’t want the taxpayers to bear the brunt of public burials either.” In addition to rising funeral costs, the skyrocketing number of opioid overdoses may be contributing to the number of bodies going unclaimed. In West Virginia, one of the states hit hardest by overdoses, The Washington Post reported that state funeral assistance funds ran out in March 2015 and again in 2017. In 2018, the state reduced reimbursements for funeral homes and tightened the rules for families requesting aid. It still ran out of money by the end of the year. Gun deaths may also be a factor. The number of firearm-inflicted homicides and suicides hit a 50-year high in 2017. Victims of drugs and guns are often young. Young people typically lack life insurance, which can pay for funerals. Many local and state governments provide financial assistance to help defray funeral costs. But the subsidies often cover just a sliver of the expenses. New York City, for example, offers up to $900 in funeral assistance -- as long as the funeral doesn’t cost more than $1,700. Because the cost of cremations (but not caskets) is exempt from the cap, those types of funerals are more likely to be covered. But cremation is prohibited by some religious faiths, including Islam and many traditional Jewish sects. “Most [applicants] wind up being denied because of documentation -- families or friends tend to have trouble getting the right level of documentation together,” says Chief Program Officer Lisa Fitzpatrick. “And the second-highest reason is that funerals usually exceed the $1,700 cap.” Even if funeral costs are kept below that cap, total expenses can rise much higher. The mere cost of a cemetery niche to store an urn ranges from $1,900 to $6,500 in the city, according to a recent New York Times report. A $900 check from the city won’t go very far toward covering that. In terms of funding assistance, New York’s program is fairly average. Some places, like Connecticut and Wisconsin, offer up to $1,500. Some counties in Arizona limit subsidies to $485 and require families of the deceased to prove they’re financially in need. Washington, D.C.’s funeral aid maxes out at $800 for a burial and caps the family’s total expenses at $2,000. The federal government doesn’t provide much additional help. If the deceased was on Social Security, surviving spouses or children receive a one-time $255 “death benefit.” More substantial state and federal assistance is available for veterans and for victims of crimes. Generally speaking, none of these assistance programs has kept pace with the rise in funeral costs over the past few decades. New York City’s burial reimbursement, for instance, has been the same amount since 1987. As the gap between costs and subsidies has grown wider, some places have responded by scaling back the assistance they offer. In Sullivan County, Tenn., officials cut their indigent funeral budget by one third and declared they would either donate bodies to science or offer only cremation. In Kentucky, Pollard says some counties have started limiting burial assistance and indigent burials to people who were documented residents at the time of their death. Other counties have contracted directly with funeral homes to keep costs low -- usually through cremation. But the problem of funeral poverty, he says, “is going to get worse before it gets better.” Read more on this topic: "Human Composting, Liquid Cremation: States Search for Greener Funeral Options" *CORRECTION: A previous version of this story falsely stated that New York City requires people receiving funeral assistance to cremate their loved ones. While cremations are more likely to be covered than casket burials, they are not required. Oh no. Another bad thing happening to seniors. Watch out, folks.
https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/investigations/2019/06/11/seniors-face-foreclosure-retirement-after-failed-reverse-mortgage/1329043001/ Aretha Franklin's handwritten wills found: Big estate planning no-noBy Carol Roth
Published May 22, 2019OpinionFOXBusiness The Queen of Soul, Aretha Franklin, should have given more r-e-s-p-e-c-t to her estate planning When she died last August Opens a New Window. , it was reported that she didn’t have a will. Now, as her estate is being combed through, three different wills have reportedly been found, including one located under some seat cushions. Each one is handwritten and has been submitted as part of the probate process to see if any of them will have legal standing. Franklin’s actions -- or lack thereof -- could cost her heirs tremendous amounts of money in legal fees, not to mention hours of time and family strife. Moreover, the ultimate court decision regarding her estate may not be consistent with her wishes. What can you learn from it? First, formalize a will. Estate law varies by state and you will want to make sure your will reflects your location and circumstances and will be upheld. Don’t go the handwritten route. Spend the money to hire a trusted estate planning attorney to ensure that everything is done correctly and the way you want, and that it has witnesses and/or is notarized. While you can download a form from the internet, spending a bit extra to hire professional help can save your heirs a fortune in extra legal fees in the long-run. Also, revisit your will at least yearly to make sure it accurately reflects your current wishes and everything is consistent between the will and other documents, like beneficiaries listed on any insurance policies. Next, make sure your heirs can find the will. Franklin’s handwritten wills may not be the last ones she wrote. This is not an uncommon mistake. Experts agree that not being able to find the will at all is one of the biggest estate planning mistakes. Finally, involve your loved ones as you prepare your wishes. Franklin’s loved ones didn’t know her wishes and now that will likely cost them extra time, money and burden. While it’s never fun to think about, don’t let your discomfort about dealing with the future become part of your legacy. Be proactive about estate planning. Carol Roth is the creator of the Future File Opens a New Window. legacy planning system, “recovering” investment banker and host of The Roth Effect podcast. The Critical Importance of an Estate PlanWritten by Soo Yeon Lee
Having an estate plan can make a big difference when it comes to preserving your legacy. Not sure if you need one? Comparing and contrasting can be an effective way to see the benefits and reasons to have an estate plan. Because everyone is different, pay special attention to the numbered items that are particularly relevant to your circumstance.
Without a plan: If you become incapacitated and unable to manage your affairs, a court will select the person to manage your finances and make medical decisions. With a plan: The person who fills that role has already been identified and authorized so that court involvement can be avoided. If you are a business owner, having a plan can help to ensure that the business runs without interruptions. 2. End of Life Decisions Without a plan: There may be no documentation regarding your wishes regarding life‐sustaining treatment and comfort care. With a plan: You have an opportunity to express your wishes and inform family members of your preferences. 3. Minor Children Without a plan: A court must determine who will raise minor children if neither parent is alive. With a plan: Parent can nominate a guardian of their choice to take care of and handle the finances for minors in the case both parents become incapacitated. 4. Blended Families Without a plan: Children from multiple relationships may not be treated as intended and the interests of surviving spouses may be in direct conflict with those children. With a plan: The creator of the estate plan determines what goes to the current spouse, if any, and what goes to any children from current and prior relationships. 5. Special Needs Planning Without a plan: Recipients with special needs risk being disqualified from receiving Medicaid or SSI benefits and may have to use an inheritance to pay for care. With a plan: A trust can be created that should enable recipients to remain eligible for government benefits while using the trust assets to pay for non‐covered expenses. 6. Avoiding the Default Rule (Intestacy) Without a plan: Assets pass to heirs according to state laws of intestacy, which can sometimes be family members you would not choose receive your assets. But more importantly, family members receive assets outright. With a plan: You, not the state, make decisions as to who inherits which assets, along with how and when the intended recipients receive those assets. 7. Minimizing Probate Without a plan, assets owned in the decedent’s name outright go through probate. Probate can be an expensive, public and time‐consuming process. It typically gives creditors an easy forum for filing claims. Also, waiting for a personal representative to be appointed through probate can delay the timely administration of assets. There is an exception for assets not exceeding $100,000, but if you own real estate, it is subject to probate regardless of the value of all your other assets. Also, courts will not allow minor children to receive assets. Therefore, without a plan, probate may become necessary, for example, for minor children to receive life insurance proceeds. 8. Privacy Individuals who die without a plan or even with a plan that doesn’t protect their privacy may subject their family to undue public scrutiny and unwanted exposure to the public. A careful planning can protect your privacy and keep certain sensitive information private. 9. Minimizing Family Discord and Chaos Without a plan: There is a greater risk that your wishes will not be well documented and that family members will have conflict and chaos over the assets or the care of your children. With a plan: A plan that is well‐designed, well‐communicated, and well‐executed plan, can relay your wishes, manage expectations, and reduce legal conflicts. 10. Creditor Protection Without a plan: Assets have no protection from creditors. With a plan: It is possible to engage in asset protection and take other reasonable steps to prevent creditors (including frivolous claims) from taking assets. 11. Unexpected Events Without a plan: Life’s unexpected events such as death of your adult child or divorces in the family may create unintended or unwanted consequences. With a plan: A trust can be created to help ensure that assets will stay in the family or pass to where they should belong. 12. Business Ownership Without a plan: A business owner may not be able to control who runs the business after they pass. This may result in a reduction in value and loss of control of the business for the family. With a plan: The business owner chooses who will own and control the business after they pass away or become incapacitated. 13. Retirement Accounts Without a plan: The beneficiary of any IRAs or other retirement account funds may not reflect your current wishes and may result in burdensome or unintended tax consequences for the beneficiaries. With a plan: A designated beneficiary can be selected based on your wishes and after careful consideration. Spouses can take advantage of certain planning options only available to spouses. 14. Testament Without a plan: There may be no written record of your values, wishes and intentions for your descendants. With a plan: You have the opportunity to document your values and wishes for your family members. 15. Philanthropy State intestacy laws do not include charitable beneficiaries. With a plan, you can choose to support the causes you care about even after your death. Posted on Thu, July 11, 2019 by Mauck & Baker I’m planning my will. Is it bad to have more than one executor?Posted May 22, 2019
7 1 shareBy Karin Price Mueller | NJMoneyHelp.com for NJ.com Q. We have three grown children listed as co-executors of our wills for when we’ve both died. We’ve heard that it can get very confusing when probating a will when there are multiple executors. Are there any problems keeping all three as executors? — Planner A. There are pros and cons to choosing one child to act as your executor versus choosing all three of your children to act together. The duty of the executor is to collect the decedent’s assets, pay any debts and liabilities, and then account for and distribute the remaining estate to the beneficiaries in accordance with the decedent’s last will and testament, said Catherine Romania, an estate planning attorney with Witman Stadtmauer in Florham Park. She said the executor is permitted to hire professionals and/or others to assist him or her with tasks, such as filing a decedent’s final income tax return or cleaning out the home for sale. Acting as an executor can be a tremendous amount of responsibility and a time-consuming duty, Romania said. Where multiple executors are appointed, the tasks can be divided among them lessening the burden. “However, if the persons appointed cannot work together harmoniously, appointing the three of them may make administration of the estate more difficult due to arguments or one executor undermining what another executor may have done,” she said. “Unfortunately, in situations where the siblings do not get along, naming one as executor may also cause hard feelings and conflict resulting in the siblings who are not named as executor complaining about every decision made by the named executor or delays in the administration of the estate.” Where there are multiple executors, the majority rules, thus to avoid deadlock it is always best to avoid naming an even number of executors, she said. Or you can name someone to act as a tie-breaker. “Notwithstanding that majority rules, a few financial institutions and other third parties may insist on having all the executors sign documents and/or checks on behalf of the estate which will become burdensome where there are multiple executors,” she said. “Ultimately, naming one executor or multiple executors is a personal decision.” |
AuthorJeff Sodoma, MPA, Esq. is a lawyer based in Virginia Beach, Virginia Blog!Hello, there! Welcome to my blog. I will use this blog as a platform for my writing. I will write about topics in the legal world, certainly, as well as everything else under the sun, because I have many interests (and viewpoints). All views expressed in this blog, unless otherwise noted, are mine alone. One of my interests is music--my wife believes that I should go on "Beat Shazam" because I know so many songs--and I will be, from time to time, analyzing song lyrics and how they relate to the legal world.
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